I not an expert on this stuff, but I do have a well system with a water softener for iron removal. My guess is that your softener need cleaning. My system has been in for about ten years and I have cleaned the resin tank 3 times and the salt tank once. I have also cleaned the the auto valve/venturi at the top of the softener twice.
My wife lets me know as soon as the water starts to turn orange. It never gets really bad before I hear about it.
Since you have a separate salt tank from the resin tank, I would clean it first. Dump out ALL the salt and clean ALL the sludge out of the bottom of the tank. The sludge comes from the pellets/salt that you use to charge the softener. As the sludge build up it reduces the brine available to recharge the resin tank. Don’t put more than a 2 or 3 – 40# bags in the salt tank as once. The salt should be gone in 1 or 2 months, if used/recharged regularly. Keep an eye on the salt level, it will tell you if the salt is bridging in the tank.
I use liquid Rust Out
https://www.google.com/search?q=rust+out&oq=Rust+Out&aqs=chrome.0.0i512l10.5167j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
to clean the Resin Tank. Follow the instructions on the bottle. Since you have not done this before, do it a couple three times.
This should give you a good start, PM me if you want more.